Training on Introduction to Statistics 2: Inference and Association

This course builds on foundational statistical concepts to deepen participants’ understanding of statistical inference, association, and hypothesis testing. It equips learners with practical analytical skills to interpret data, draw evidence-based conclusions, and apply statistical methods to real-world research and program evaluation. Participants will work through hands-on examples using statistical software, enhancing their capacity for decision-making through data.

Duration

10 Days

Who Should Attend

• M&E professionals, researchers, and data analysts

• Program and project officers working with survey data

• Academics, statisticians, and graduate students

• Policy analysts and development practitioners using data-driven insights

Organizational Impact:

• Strengthened institutional capacity for data-based decision-making.

• Improved accuracy and credibility in reports, evaluations, and audits.

• Enhanced ability to translate analytical findings into actionable policy insights.

Individual Impact:

• Mastery of statistical inference and association techniques.

• Increased confidence in handling and interpreting complex datasets.

• Improved employability and analytical communication skills.

By the end of the course, participants will be able to:

• Apply inferential statistics to test hypotheses and estimate parameters.
• Understand sampling variability and confidence intervals.
• Perform correlation and regression analyses.
• Interpret statistical outputs for decision-making.
• Use statistical software to analyze real datasets accurately.

Module 1: Review of Descriptive Statistics and Probability Concepts

• Measures of central tendency and dispersion

• Probability distributions and sampling concepts

• Case Study: Summarizing household income distribution for a social program

Module 2: Sampling Methods and the Central Limit Theorem

• Random, stratified, and cluster sampling

• Understanding the sampling distribution of the mean

• Case Study: Designing an effective sample for a public health survey

Module 3: Introduction to Statistical Inference

• Population parameters vs. sample statistics

• Confidence intervals and margin of error

• Case Study: Estimating average literacy rates across regions

Module 4: Hypothesis Testing Fundamentals

• Null and alternative hypotheses

• Type I and Type II errors

• p-values and statistical significance

• Case Study: Testing whether a training intervention improves performance

Module 5: Comparing Means and Proportions

• t-tests (one-sample, independent, paired)

• z-tests and chi-square for proportions

• Case Study: Assessing the impact of a nutrition program on BMI changes

Module 6: Analysis of Variance (ANOVA)

• One-way and two-way ANOVA

• Post-hoc comparisons and interpretation

• Case Study: Comparing productivity levels across multiple departments

Module 7: Correlation Analysis

• Pearson, Spearman, and Kendall correlation coefficients

• Interpreting correlation strength and direction

• Case Study: Examining the relationship between education and income

Module 8: Simple and Multiple Linear Regression

• Building regression models

• Interpreting coefficients and R²

• Model diagnostics and assumptions

• Case Study: Predicting project outcomes based on budget and staff input

Module 9: Categorical Data and Association Tests

• Chi-square test of independence

• Fisher’s exact test and odds ratios

• Case Study: Analyzing associations between gender and service access

Module 10: Reporting and Interpreting Statistical Results

• Communicating statistical findings clearly

• Visualizing inferential results (confidence intervals, regression plots)

• Case Study: Developing a policy brief from analyzed survey data